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Zoological Techniques Question Paper
Zoological Techniques
Course:Bachelor Of Science In Biochemistry
Institution: Egerton University question papers
Exam Year:2003
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS
SECOND SEMESTER 2002/2003
YEAR TWO EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREES OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE AND BACHELOR OF EDUCATION (SCIENCE)
ZOOL 200-ZOOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES
TIME: 2HRS
INSTRUCTIONS:
Answer all questions in Section A and any two questions in SECTION B.
SECTION A: ( Total 40 marks)
1.(a) Give the uses of objective and eyepiece lenses in the light microscope.(2 mks)
(b) Explain clearly the application of achromatic,apochromatic and planachromatic objective lenses.(6 mks)
2.Outline the observations made on animal tissues fixed in Bouins and Carnoys fluids.(8 mks)
3.Describe briefly the working and requirements of an electron microscope.(8 mks)
4.(a) Explain what a transfer scale is.(2 mks)
(b) Show how the graticule is applied in the principle of transfer scale.(6 marks)
5.List features which form the basis for choosing an experimental animal.(8 mks)
SECTION B: ( Answer any two questions. Total marks are 30)
6.Discuss the approximation measurement techniques.(15 mks)
7.Give an account of the methods used for softening bones.(15 mks)
8.Describe the principles and applications of biological stains.(15 mks)
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS
FIRST SEMESTER 2003/2004
SECOND YEAR EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
BIOC 201-BASIC METABOLISM 1
TIME: 2HRS
INSTRUCTIONS: <br
Attempt ALL questions.
SECTION A-(15 MARKS EACH)
1.You have isolated a strain of bacteria which ferment glucose by phosphogluconate pathway and grow it anaerobically with radioactively labeled glucose on carbons-1 and 3. With structures,enzymes and coenzymes,illustrate the fate of radioactively labeled carbons.(15 marks)
2.(a) Outline the synthesis of purine 2-deoxynucleotides from ribose-5-phosphate.
(b) The hydrolysis of asparagines to aspartate and NH+4 has a ?G01+14.2 Kjmol-
The hydrolysis of ATP to AMP and PPi has ?G01= 33.4 Kjmol-
(i) From the above information calculate the ?G01 for asparagines biosynthesis via the overall reaction
Aspartate+ATP+NH+4-----Asparagine+AMP+PPi
(ii) The overall biosynthetic reaction occurs in the steps:-
Aspartate+ATP---ß-aspartyladenylate
ß-aspartyladenylate-asparagine+AMP
The ?G01 for ß-aspartyladenylate hydrolysis is-41.8 Kjmol-
Calculate the ?G01 of each step in the synthesis of asparagines.
(iii) Differentiate between oxidative and substrate level phosphorylation.(15 marks)
SECTION B-15 MARKS EACH
1.(i) Describe the CORL cycle,with illustration
(ii) What is the importance of the cycle.
2.Explain the glycogen storage diseases.
3.Briefly explain the synthesis of ATP by photosynthetic cells.
4.(a) State the chemiosmotic theory.
(b) Define photophosphorylation.
(c) What do you understand by chemiosmotic coupling.
5.(i) Describe the metabolism of galactose (structures,enzymes)
(ii) State the enzyme which is defective in galactosaemia.
6.The steady state concentration of ATP,ADP AND Pi in isolated spinach chloroplasts under full illumination at PH 7.0 are 120,6 and 700µM respectively.
(i) What is the free energy requirement for the synthesis of 1 mol of ATP under these conditions given that the ?G01 for the hydrolysis of ATP is-30.5 Kjmol-1
(ii) What is the minimum voltage drop necessary during the transport of a pair of electrons in the chloroplasts to synthesis ATP under these conditions.
SECTION C-(10 MARKS)
1.March the following enzyme defects and their consequences.
(a) Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase
(b) UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase
(c) Glucode-6-phosphatase
(d) UDP-glucose-epimerase
(e) Phosphorylase-a-phosphatase
(f) Phospho fructokinase
(g) Glycogen phosphorylase kinase
(h) Trose phosphate isomerase
(i) Phospoglucomutase
(j) Amylo (1,4)-(1,6) transglycosylase.
Consequences: Inability to;
1.Make glycogen from any sugar or utilize galactose as an energy source.
2.Convert either glycogen or tactate to free glucose with no effect to using galactose as an energy source.
3.Use either galactose or glycogen as an energy source.
4.Use galactose with no effect on glycogen utilization.
5.Resyntherize glucose-6-phosphate from lactate.
6.Produce branched glycogen.
7.Use glycogen as an energy source with no effect on using galactose.
8.Lethal,prevents the use of carbohydrates for ATP production.
9.Use sucrose as in energy source.
10.A lower than normal steady state of glycogen.
11.Convert TCA cycle intermediates to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate.
12.Impaired ability to obtain energy from carbohydrates.
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