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Dcmm 221: Clinical Pathology Question Paper

Dcmm 221: Clinical Pathology

Course:Clinical Medicine & Surgery

Institution: Kenya Methodist University question papers

Exam Year:2011

CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (DCMM 221) 3RD TRIMESTER 2011
KENYA METHODIST UNIVERSITY
END OF 3''RD ''TRIMESTER 2011 EXAMINATIONS
SCHOOL : MEDICINE & HEALTH SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT : CLINICAL MEDICINE & SURGERY
UNIT CODE : DCMM 221
UNIT TITLE : CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
TIME : 3 HOURS

Instructions: Attempt ALL the Questions.
Question One
Hormones produced by the anterior pituitary include;
Calcitonin
Growth hormone
Prolactin
Vasopressin
Oxytocin
Question Two
Counter regulatory hormones in glucose metabolism include:
Epinephrine
Cortisal
Aldosterone
Growth hormone
Follicular stimulating hormone
Question Three
Effects of insulin in the body include:
Glycogenesis
Protein synthesis
Glycogenolysis
Lipid synthesis
Hyperglycaemia
Question Four
Effects of parathroid hormones (PTH) include:
Increased reabsorption of sodium
Reasorption of calcium from bone
Increased phosphate reabsorption
Enhancing the action of calcitriol
Decreased calcium reabsorption from the kidneys
Question Five
Causes of primary hyperthydroidism includes:
Pituitary adenoma
Graves disease
Thyroid adenoma
Renal failure
Sheehan’s syndrome
Question Six
Effects of cortisol include:
Increased glucose levels
Increased protein synthesis
Fat redistribution
May lead to reduced immunity
May cause fluid retention
Question Seven
Causes of cushings syndrome include
Prolonged oral steroid use
Adrenal medulla tunour
Pituitary ADH secreting adenoma
Paraneoplastic Syndrome
Hypothyroidism
Question Eight
Conn’s Syndrome
Due to increased cortisol production
Due to increased aldesterone production
Associated with fluid retention
May cause hyperkalemia
Associated with hyponatrauma
Question Nine
Causes of pituitary gland failure include:
Sheeham’s syndrome
Trauma (Severe head injury)
Irradiation to the skull
Pituatary adenoma
None of the above
Question Ten
Features of addisons disease include:
Hyperkalemia
Hypernatraemia
Increased cortisol levels
Hypercalcaemia
Anaemia
Question Eleven
Features of type 1 diabetes mellitus include:
(a) Mainly treated with oral hypoglycaemic agents.
(b) More common in the young
(c)Has no genetic predisposition
(d) Urinalysis may have a role in diagnosis and management
(e) Some drugs may worsen the hyperglycaemia
Question Twelve
Causes of iron deficiency anemia include;
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Peptic ulcer disease
Hookworms
Menorrhagia
Fish tapeworm
Question Thirteen
Features of congenital adrenal hyperplasia include:
Delayed puberty
Precaucious puberty
Hirsutism
Oligomemorrhea in women
Increased libido in men
Question Fourteen
Features of hypothyroidism include
Increased appetite
Weight gain
Depression
Oligomenorrhea
May be due to iodine deficiency
Question Fifteen
Effects of calcitriol include:
Increased calcium absorption in kidneys
Increased sodium absorption from intestines
Deposition of calcium from serum to bone
Levels may reduce in chronic renal failure
Levels may be reduced in rickets
Question Sixteen
Aldosterone:
Produced by the adrenal medulla
Potent vasoconstrictor
Leads to increased potassium loss
Causes sodium retention
Hyporolciemia stimulates its production
Question Seventeen
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Increases water retention
Produced by the anterior pituitary
Is a potent vasodilator
Deficiency is associated with diabetes mellitus
Produced when there is increased osmolality
Question Eighteen
Features of megalobastic anaemia include:
Increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV)
Increased mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH)
Associated with pernicious anemia
May be due to bone marrow suppression
May be due to folate deficiency
Question Nineteen
Causes of bone marrow suppression include
Irradiation
Leukaemia s
Use of cytotoxic mecation
Use of steroids
Iron deficiency
Question Twenty
Features of phaeocromacytoma include:
Tachycardia
Hypertension
Arrhytmias
Palpitations
Haematuria
SAQ (5 MARKS)
Question One
List FIVE feature of hyperthyroidism
Question Two
List FIVE effects of calcithol (activated vitamin D)
Question Three
Briefly classify the leukaemias
Question Four
Briefly discuss the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease.
Question Five
Outline causes of hyperparathyroidism
Question Six
Discuss clinical presentation of thalassaemia
Question Seven
Briefly outline the renin angiotensin aldosterone system
Question Eight
List causes of microcytic Hypochromic anaemia.
Question Nine
List the features of leukaemia.
Question Ten
List the effects of the insulin counter regulatory hormones in the body.
LAQ
Question One
Discuss the complications of steroids overuse. (20 Marks)
Question Two
Discuss the different types of anaemia and their causes. (20 Marks)

Dcmm 221: Clinical Pathology Question Paper

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