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Hsci 225:Hiv/Aids Question Paper

Hsci 225:Hiv/Aids

Course:Nursing

Institution: Kenya Methodist University question papers

Exam Year:2013

KENYA METHODIST UNIVERSITY

END OF 3''RD ''TRIMESTER 2013 (FT) EXAMINATION
SCHOOL : MEDICINE & HEALTH SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT : NURSING
UNIT CODE : HSCI 225
UNIT TITLE : HIV/AIDS
TIME : 3 HOURS

Instructions

Write your registration number on the examination booklet
Answer all questions in the examination booklet provided.

SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS. (20 MARKS)

For question 1 – 16 select the most appropriate answer among the four choices A, B, C & D. A correct response earns 1 mark.

Question One

Antiretroviral drugs;

Kill HIV hence improving the immune system
Slow down replication of HIV
Stop the replication of HIV
Eliminate HIV from CD4 cells nucleus

Question Two

During the primary infection with HIV;

There no symptom of HIV infection
HIV replicates very slowly
There is rapid transmission of HIV
The virus cannot be detected in the blood during window period

Question Three

Infants can acquire HIV through

Sexual intercourse
Skin to skin contact with their HIV positive mothers
Inhaling breath from their HIV positive mothers
Drinking mothers milk that has been heated and cooled

Question Four

Correct and consistent use of a male condom means;

Using a male condom if the partner is suspected of being HIV positive
Use two male condoms at the same time to enhance the protective effect.
Combine male condom with female condom to increase protective effect.
Use a razor blade or a knife to carefully remove the male condom from the packet.

Question Five

The correct thing to do when a male condom is left inside the vagina during sexual intercourse is;

Rush to the hospital for the condom to be removed by the gynaecologist
Remove it, visit VCT centre for post exposure proplylxis and emergency contraception.
Put another male condom and continue
Wash the penis with running water.

Question Six

If a husband is HIV positive and the wife is HIV negative then;

This is concordant couple
The two should not have any sexual relationship
If the wife becomes pregnant the newborn will automatically be HIV positive
The two can still satisfy each other sexually

Question Seven

HIV;

Is an RNA bacteria
Has four key enzymes in its capsid
Can survive on surfaces for only four hours
Mutates very fast

Question Eight

Most at risk persons (MARPS) for HIV transmission include;

Women
Intravenous drug users
Teenage girls
Lesbians

Question Nine

A common opportunistic infection in clinical stage 3 according to WHO is;

Kaposis Sarcoma
HIV wasting syndrome
Cryptosporidium diarrhea
Tuberculosis

Question Ten

The following is true about HIV transmission;

Unprotected sexual intercourse with a HIV positive partner will always lead the HIV transmission.
Male to female transmission is more efficient compared to female to male transmission
Micro abrasions in the genitals play no role in HIV transmission
The male foreskin has a protective effect on HIV transmission

Question Eleven

About the distribution of HIV in Kenya;

5.6% of those aged 14-64 years are infected with HIV.
Prevalence of HIV in Nyanza is 18.4%
85% of all those living with HIV are women
Most people living with HIV are in urban centres

Question Twelve

A 20 year old HIV positive woman has active tuberculosis. She approaches you so that you can hire her as a cook. As an employer your action will be;

Tell her there is no vacancy since she can transmit TB to employees and customers
Kindly refer her to a VCT centre and give her fare home
Tell her to go for TB treatment, ARV’s then come back for interview with a letter from the doctor
Employ her, give her off duty to go for treatment and let her resume work when TB cannot be detected in her sputum.

Question Thirteen

A man who is uncircumcised is more likely to contract HIV after unprotected sexual intercourse because;

Uncircumcised men are emotionally immature
Uncircumcised men have multiple sexual partners
Uncircumcised men are more likely to get ulcerations during sexual intercourse
Uncircumcised men are mostly homosexual

Question Fourteen

HIV positive client will take the following drug(s) for prevention of opportunistic infections;

Post exposure prophylaxis with ARV’s.
Isoniazid for life
Isoniazid for six months and septrin for life
Septrin for six months and isoniazid for life.

Question Fifteen

The correct sequence of viral replication cycle is;

Binding, Entry, Fusion, Reverse transcription, integration, Transcription, assembly, budding and maturation.
Binding, fusion, entry, reverses transcription, integration, transcription, assembly, budding and maturation.
Binding, fusions, entry, reverse integration, integration, transcription, assembly, budding and maturation.
Binding, fusion, entry, transcription, reverses integration, transcription, assembly, budding and maturation.

For question 16 – 17 respond with a T (if True) or F (if False) against the statements A, B, C, D & E. A correct response earns ½ a mark.

Question Sixteen

About mother to child transmission of HIV;

60% of babies born of HIV positive mothers will acquire HIV.
Transmission mostly occurs during pregnancy
There is low risk of transmission during vaginal delivery
Maternal injuries and malnutrition may increase the chance of HIV transmission to the foetus
Anti-retroviral drugs taken by HIV positive mother during pregnancy reduces transmission to the foetus.

Question Seventeen

HIV targets the following cells;

Red blood cells
Langerhan’s cells
Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes
Macrophages
Helper T-lymphocuytes

SECTION B: Short Answer Questions (40 marks)

Question One
List six opportunistic infections. (3 marks)

Question Two
List four substances of abuse (2 marks)

Question Three
State four consequences of procuring an illegal abortion. (4 marks)

Question Four
Describe how to put on a female condom. (6 marks)

Question Five
State five consequences of female genital cutting. (5 marks)

Question Six
Explain why women and young girls are more vulnerable to HIV as compared to men. (8 marks)

Question Seven
Describe the World Health Organizations clinical staging of HIV. (8 marks)

Question Eight
Explain why antiretroviral drugs are taken for life. (4 marks)

SECTION C: Essay questions (40 marks)

Question One

Discuss HIV transmission under the following sub-headings

Blood to blood transmission.

(10 marks)

Sexual transmission

(9 marks)

Perinatal transmission.

(6 marks)

Question Two
Describe three methods of preventing HIV transmission. (15 marks)

Hsci 225:Hiv/Aids Question Paper

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