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Environmental Policy Formulation, Planning And Enforcement Question Paper

Environmental Policy Formulation, Planning And Enforcement

Course:Bachelor Of Environmental Studies

Institution: Kenyatta University question papers

Exam Year:2009

KENYATTA UNIVERSITY
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2008/2009
SECOND SEMESTER EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
(PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT)

EPM 243: ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY FORMULATION, PLANNING AND
ENFORCEMENT

DATE: Thursday 2nd April, 2009

TIME: 11.00 A.M.-1.00pm
INSTRUCTIONS:
•
Answer Question ONE and any other TWO questions.
•
Start questions on a fresh page
•
Use example and illustrations to illuminate your answers where necessary.
Q1.
a)Compare and contrast the concepts of “Planning” and “Policy”. [8 Marks]

b)Using any issue of your choice, explain the elements of a public policy.[8 Marks]

c)
Discuss the factors that guide the choice of a policy enforcement
instrument.[14Marks]

Q2. a)
Discuss three elements of Principle 10 of Rio declaration that shows the
level of public participation in policy making.
[10 Marks]

b)
What are the advantages and disadvantages of a broad based public
participation in policy making?

[10 Marks]

Q3.
a)
Discuss four landmark events that shaped the development of
International Environmental Policy.

[12 Marks]

b) Why is policy making considered a political process?
[8 Marks]

Page 1 of 2

Q4.
a)
Explain the challenges facing waste management in Kenya. [10 Marks]

b)
What policy measure can you propose to resolve the challenges identified
in(a)above?

[10Marks]

Q5.
Kitengela Country Council has been operating without an environmental policy.

Assume you have been hired as a consultant to assist them formulate the policy.

Discuss how you will accomplish the task.

[20 Marks]

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Environmental Policy Formulation, Planning And Enforcement Question Paper

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