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Set421: Sanitary Microbiology 1 Question Paper
Set421: Sanitary Microbiology 1
Course:Bachelor Of Science ( Information Systems & Technology)
Institution: Kenyatta University question papers
Exam Year:2010
KENYATTA UNIVERSITY
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2008/2009
INSTITUTE OF OPEN LEARNING (IOL)
EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
(INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY)
SET 421:
SANITARY MICROBIOLOGY I
DATE: Monday, 15th February, 2010
TIME: 11.00 a.m. – 1.00 p.m.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INSTRUCTIONS:
(i)
Answer any three questions
(ii)
All the other questions carry 20 marks each
QUESTION 1
(a) What are selective methods as used in microbiology?
{4 Marks}
(b) What is a pure bacterial culture?
{4 Marks}
(c) A variety of techniques have been developed whereby isolation into pure
culture can be accomplished. Each technique has advantages and
disadvantages (limitations) and there is one method that can be used for
all the bacteria. Using illustrations, describe comprehensively the
following techniques for isolating pure cultures.
i.
The streak-plate technique,
ii.
The pour-plate technique
iii.
The spread-plate techniques
{12 Marks}
Page 1 of 3
QUESTION 2
(a)
Briefly explain what bacteria pili are and the functions they serve
{4 Marks}
(c) Nutritional requirements of bacteria vary greatly. Bacteria also exhibit
differences with respect to the physical conditions favouring their growth.
i. List the different types of bacteria based on their energy source and
hydrogen donors.
{4 Marks}
ii. List the different types of bacteria based on their need for oxygen
{2 Marks}
iii. List the different types of bacteria based on the temperature
favouring their growth.
{2 Marks}
(b)
List eight impacts that can result from disposing untreated waste water
into natural water bodies
{4 Marks}
(c)
List the various water borne diseases and the causative micro-organisms
{4 Marks}
QUESTION 3
(a) Bacteria belong to a group of living organisms that are neither plants nor
animals. What is the name given to this group of living things?
{1 Marks}
(b) Figures Q 3-1 & Q 3-2 below shows generalized diagrams of typical cell
structures for Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes.
i.
List all the key features indicated for a eukaryotic cell
{12 marks}
ii.
Similarly, list all the key features of a prokaryotic cell
{7 Marks}
Figure Q3-1
Figure Q3-2
Page 2 of 3
QUESTION 4
(a) Bacteria exhibit four main different modes of nutrition. List each of them
and elaborate.
{10 Marks}
(b) Bacteria are ubiquitous in their occurrence. They occur in air, on the land
in lakes in oceans, and, in intestinal tracts of human and other animals.
Briefly describe the structures of the with regard to:-
i.
Morphology (Shape)
ii.
Movement (motility)
{5 Marks}
(c) Some bacterial cells are surrounded by a viscous substance forming a
covering layer or envelope around the cell wall. This layer is called a
capsule. Give five functions of such a capsule.
{5 Marks}
QUESTION 5
(a) For the purposes of maintaining bacteria strains alive, uncontaminated
and to prevent any change in their characteristics, scientists have
developed various methods. These include:-
i. Periodic transfer to fresh media,
ii.
Overlaying the bacteria strains with mineral oil,
iii.
Lyophilization (Freeze drying)
Explain using illustrations how these methods work in the preservation of
the bacteria strains, their advantages and limitations.
{10 Marks}
(b) A summary of the main features of culture characteristics includes:-
i. Size,
ii.
Margin/Edge,
iii.
Surface texture, Elevations,
iv.
Consistency,
v.
Optical features and Pigmentation.
Briefly describe each of the characteristics with specific mention of the
differentiating observations.
{10 Marks}
Page 3 of 3
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