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Introduction To Environmental Chemistry Question Paper

Introduction To Environmental Chemistry

Course:Bachelor Of Science In Chemistry

Institution: South Eastern Kenya University question papers

Exam Year:2016

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
(a) Answer question One and any other Two questions
(b) Question 1 carries 30 marks while the other questions carry
20 marks each
(c) Illustrate your answers with well label diagrams where applicable
Question 1 (30 marks)
a) State and explain the different soil profiles (6 marks)
b) State the different atmospheric stratification (2.5 marks)
c) With the help of chemical equations, explain how the following constituents of tropospheric
reactions are formed and removed.
i. Ozone, O3 (2.5 marks)
ii. Hydroxyl radical (OH) (3 marks)
d)
i. State TWO reasons why the stratosphere is highly vulnerable (1 marks)
ii. Describe the formation and removal of NOx in the stratosphere. (6 marks)
e) Explain any Three important roles played by the atmosphere (6 marks)
f) State three major mechanisms of transferring energy in the atmosphere(3 marks)
Question 2 (20 marks)
a) The atmosphere plays an essential role as a protective shield. Describe briefly how this is
achieved. (10 marks)
b) Give a detailed explanation (with the help of equations) on how photochemical smog is
formed. (10 marks)
Question 3 (20 marks)
a) State the following terms (3 marks)
i. Aerosol
ii. Haze
iii. Smoke
b) Describe the processes that lead to particulate formation (4 marks)
c) State the three factors that inform the choice of a particulate removal system from a gaseous
waste stream. (3 marks)
d) List three methods for particulate pollutant control (3 marks)
e) State the effects caused by acid rain to the environment (7 marks)
Question 4 (20 marks)
a) State the different forms of oxides of nitrogen that are found in the atmosphere. (3 marks)
Explain the harmful effects of oxides of nitrogen to the environment. (8 marks)

b) List three properties of water and for each explain the effect and significance.
(6 marks)
c) Explain the following terms
i. Dissolved organic matter (1.5 marks)
ii. Humic substances (1.5 marks)
Question 5 (20 marks)
a) Explain point and non-point sources of pollution (3 marks)
.
b) State five water quality indicators and explain their environmental significance (10 marks)
c) A pesticide sprayer got stuck while trying to ford a stream flowing at a rate of 136 liters per
second. Pesticide leaked into the stream for exactly 1 hour and at a rate that contaminated the
stream at a uniform 0.25 ppm of methoxychlor. How much pesticide was lost from the
sprayer during this time? (4 marks)
d) Give a specific example of each of the following general classes of water pollutants:
(3 marks)
(i) trace elements
(ii) metal-organic combinations
(iii) pesticides

Introduction To Environmental Chemistry Question Paper

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