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Ees402:Groundwater Chemistry,Pollution And Purification Question Paper
Ees402:Groundwater Chemistry,Pollution And Purification
Course:Groundwater Chemistry,Pollvion And Purification
Institution: University Of Eldoret question papers
Exam Year:2013
Answer all questions in section A and any four questions in section B
section A
1.Differentiate between primary coagulants and coagulant aids in water treatment [3m]
2.Show the reaction between alum and calcium hydroxide to form floc during water treatment process [2m]
3.In groundwater what do you understand by the terms:
i)Porosity [2m]
ii)Permeability[2m]
4.A researcher found 1litre of calcium oxalate on evaporation to dryness at 25 C ,to contain 0.0061-g residue of calcium oxalate.Calculate the solubility product constant of this salt.[4m]
5.What is artesian flow?[2m]
6.What is hydraulic gradient?[3m]
7.By experiment ,it is found that 1.2x10^-3 mol of lead(II) iodide dissolves in 1L of aqueous solution at 25 C .What is Ksp of lead(II)iodide at this temperature?[3m]
8.Write the Handersen-Hasselbach expression [3m]
9.Calculate the pH of a buffer containing 0.10MNH3 and 0.20MNH4CL ,givdn that Ka for NH3 is 5.6x10^6.[3m]
10.Explain the meaning and values of continuity equation in natural water movement[3m]
Section B
11.Discuss Hydrological cycle,putting emphasis on the following processes:
a)Infiltration [3m]
b)Unsaturated flow [3m]
c)Groundwater flow [4m]
12.With the help of an interaction cycle of the rocks with water schematic diagram,briefly describe the acquisition of solutes in natural waters
13.Undesirable anions and cations can be a problem in groundwater.However,there are proven methods of removing these ions.Using polystyrene ion-exchange resin,explain:
a)How ion exchange resin works [6m]
b)Demineralization process [4m]
14.The figure below shows a pollutant plume in a homogenous aquifer.Given that the aquifer experienced pollutant loading of W1,10500mta,and a concentration of 50mgL^-5.Three years later ,after stringent environmental regulations in the region,pollutant loading W2,was reduced to 8,000mta.
i.Compute the assimilation factor for the aquifer [4m]
ii.What aquifer concentration would result from the pollutant reduction action?[3m]
iii.If the water quality objective is to bring the aquifer pollutant levels down to 10mgL^-1,how much additional load reduction is required?[3m]
15.Groundwater remediation is the process that is used to remove pollutants from groundwater.Briefly describe the chemical treatment technologies involved in ground water remediation in terms of:
i.Chemical precipitation [2m]
ii.Ion exchange [2m]
iii.Carbon absorption [2m]
iv.Chemical oxidation [2m]
v.Surfactant enhanced recovery [2m]
16.With the help of schematic diagram show the 8 steps involved in water resources assessment ,giving brief description of each one of them.[10m]
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