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Mls 2502: Cytology And Histopathology Question Paper
Mls 2502: Cytology And Histopathology
Course:Diploma In Medical Laboratory Science
Institution: Jomo Kenyatta University Of Agriculture And Technology question papers
Exam Year:2012
JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY
OF
AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
University Examinations 2012/2013
EXAMINATION FOR THE POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA IN MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCES
MLS 2502: CYTOLOGY AND HISTOPATHOLOGY
DATE: AUGUST, 2012 TIME: 2 HOURS
INSTRUCTIONS: Answer ALL Questions in Section A and ONLY ONE in Section B.
SECTION A (20 MARKS) – MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
Answer all questions in this section. Each question has ONLY ONE correct answer. A wrong answer or guess work will result in ½ mark penalty. A blank or unanswered question in this section shall remain neutral.
1. Which of the following consists of multinucleate muscle fibers that develop by fusion of many individual embroyonic cells called myoblasts?
a) Smooth muscle cells
b) Cardiac muscle cells
c) Skeletal muscle cells
d) None of the obove.
2. Which type of epithelial cells are involved in repair of the ovulatory defects that occur on the ovarian surface, especially during the time of ovulation?
a) Simple squamous epithelial cells
b) Simple cuboidal epithelial cells
c) Simple columnar epithelial cells
d) Transitional epithelial cells
3. Which of the following is a function of hepatocytes?
a) Synthesis and secretion of fibrinogen
b) Secretion of bile
c) Synthesis of cholesterol
d) All of the above
4. Which of the following is function of the connective tissue cells called osteoblasts?
a) Synthesize collagen
b) Involved in bone formation
c) Carry oxygen
d) Produce antibodies
5. If a collected tissue is left without any preservation, then a bacterial attack will occur. Which of the following describes this process?
a) Autolysis
b) Desiccation
c) Putrefaction
d) Coagulation
6. Which statement best describes diagnostic pitfalls that may be encountered in urine cytology?
a) Degenerated urothelial cells
b) Presence of small hyperchromatic endometrial cells
c) Repair renal tubular cells may show severe cellular a typias
d) All of the above
7. Once the tissue is removed from the body without immediate fixation, it will go through process of self-destruction, especially in tissue which are rich in enzymes. Which of the following tissue does not go through severe autolysis?
a) Collagen tissue
b) Liver tissue
c) Brain tissue
d) Kidney tissue
8. Which of the following is true about a typical squamous metaplasia in cervical smears?
a) Squamous cells have increased Nuclear/cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio
b) Squamous cells are not binucleated
c) Squamous cells have regular nuclear membrane
d) Squamous cells have no hyperchromasia
9. In tissue processing, the choice of a cleaning agent depends upon which of the following factors?
a) The type of tissue to be processed
b) Intended processing conditions such as temperature, vacuum and pressure
c) Safety factors
d) All of the above
10. Which of the following is not candida species associated cellular change in a conventional cervical smear?
a) Decreased cytoplasmic eosinophila
b) Vacuoles (moth eaten cytoplasm)
c) Nuclear enlargement
d) Perinuclear clearing
11. Which of the following is not a transition solvent in tissue processing?
a) Xylene
b) Toluene
c) Paraffin
d) Chloroform
12. Conventional PAP smear is the standard method for staining cervicovaginal cells, which of the following factors does not influence optimal cytologic interpretation?
a) Proper staining of sample
b) Too much mounting medium
c) Well preserved cells sample
d) Adequate and careful preparation of cytological sample
13. In performing their protective role, fixatives denature proteins by coagulation resulting in conformational changes in the structure of proteins and subsequent inactivation of enzymes. Which of the following constitute a coagulation fixatives?
a) Formaldehyde
b) Acetic acid
c) Osmium tetroxide
d) Mercuric chloride
14. Rapid stains used for wet sediment and preliminary examination of aspiration smear include each of the following. Which procedure is a rapid modification of wright’s stain?
a) Thionin blue
b) Diff quick stain
c) Methylene blue
d) Toluidine blue
15. Which of the following is a nervour tissue cell?
a) Dendrites
b) Fibroblast
c) Astrocytes
d) Osteocytes
16. Which of the following is not a general cytological feature of precancerous cell?
a) Loss of the normal arrangement of epithelial cells into layers
b) Distorted cells with enlarged irregular hyperchromatic nuclei
c) Lack of nuclear mitosis
d) Increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio
17. All labeling in tissue transportation must be sufficiently robust to withstand the planned storage method and transport while remaining fully legible. Which of the following information must be contained in the label?
a) Tissue identification
b) The name of the person obtaining the tissue if not clearly identified above
c) The date of tissue collection
d) All of the above
18. Intercalated discs are associated with what types of cells.
a) Visceral muscle cells
b) Skeletal muscle cells
c) All of the above
d) None of the above
19. Myelin is formed by which support cells in the peripheral nervous system.
a) Astrocytes
b) Schawann cells
c) Oligodendroglia cells
d) Microglia cells
20. Which of the following is technique introduced to specimens that may be difficult to cut on microtome due to calcium deposits?
a) Dehydration
b) Infiltration
c) Decalcification
d) Differentiation
SECTION B: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (30 MARKS) – ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS
21. Describe briefly the processing of liquid sample. [6 marks]
22. Write short notes on fibrocystic change in breast fine needle aspiration cytology.
[6 marks]
23. List advantages of liquid based cytology. [6 marks]
24. Write short notes on advantages of cytopathology. [6 marks]
25. Describe briefly the glandular epithelial cells. [6 marks]
SECTION C: ESSAY TYPE QUESTION (20 MARKS) – ANSWER ONLY ONE QUESTION BELOW
26. Discus the Bethesda system for reporting cervical cytology. [20 marks]
27. a) Discuss the process of tissue collection. [6 marks]
b) Discuss the transport of collected tissue from the operation room to laboratory.
[8 marks]
c) Outline the preservation of collected tissue samples. [6 marks]
28. a) Discuss glutaraldehyde as a fixative. [12 marks]
b) Describe briefly ethanol as a dehydrating agent. [8 marks]
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