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Dicm 333:Community Health Paper Ii Question Paper

Dicm 333:Community Health Paper Ii

Course:Diploma In Clinic Medicine

Institution: Kenya Methodist University question papers

Exam Year:2012

KENYA METHODIST UNIVERSITY

END OF 3''RD ''TRIMESTER 2012 (FINAL QUALIFYING) EXAMINATIONS
SCHOOL : MEDICINE & HEALTH SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT : CLINICAL MEDICINE
UNIT CODE : DICM 333
UNIT TITLE : COMMUNITY HEALTH PAPER II
TIME : 3 HOURS

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQ)

Instructions:

Attempt ALL Multiple Choice Questions.
You lose a mark for every incorrect response.
You don’t lose a mark if you don’t attempt.

Question One

Primary prevention of a disease may involve;

Antibiotic therapy to a patient with pneumonia.
Long term therapy to patient with leprosy
Health education to persuade people into early signs of tuberculosis to come for examination.
Observing per personal and food hygiene
Washing hands before meals

Question Two

The following are true of yellow fever:

Is an arbovirus injection.
Is transmitted by anopheles mosquitos.
May be apparent injection in certain monkeys.
May occur due to ecological changes.
Effective vaccine is available.

Question Three

Exposure to the following pollutants causes diseases in human beings:

Industrial paints
Organophosphates
Smell of rotting from dead carcasses
Noise from discotheques
Butterflies in the field

Question Four

Four of the original components of Primary Health Care were:

Prevention of accidents.
MCH/FP
Supply of essential drugs
Water and sanitation
Health Education

Question Five

Some ways of doing Health Education include;

Power point presentation.
Putting up posters, billboards.
Writing letters to sick people.
Holding processions or walk.
Preaching in urban streets.

Question Six

Vitamin A deficiency is associated with;

Measles and deaths.
Blindness.
Lower Respiratory Tract Injections.
Hydrocephalus.
Trachoma.

Question Seven

Concerning refuse:

Proper management has negative impact in health.
Is not a major problem in the word.
Can cause traumatic injuries.
Poor management can facilitate multiplication of rodents.
Refuse should be handled by highly trained and skilled personnel.

Question Eight

The following are true about BCG vaccine;

It is given intramuscularly.
It is a live altenuated vaccine.
It is heat sensitive.
Given at birth.
Protects against TB injections in children as well as adulthood.

Question Nine

About millennium Development Goals(MOG);

MDG III talks about evaluation of extreme poverty and hunger.
MDG II talks about environmental sertainability
MDG IV is about fighting disease such as a tuberculosis and HIV.
MDG VI is concerned with reduction of maternal mortality.
MDG VII talk about reduction of child mortality rate.

Question Ten

Waste management options includes:

Waste minimization
Material recycling
Waste processing
Waste transforming
Sanitary land filling.

Question Eleven

Advantages of incinesation include;

Volume reduction by 90%.
Safe elimination of pathogens.
Requires trained workers.
Ashes are hazardous.
Intensive investment

Question Twelve

Components of immunization include;

Disease surveillance.
Cold chain.
Training.
Monitoring and evaluation.
Health Education.

Question Thirteen

Essential drugs Include;

Antibiotics e.g erythromycin.
Anticance drugs.
Dewormers.
Zinc sulphate.
Allopurinol.

Question Fourteen

Determinants of health include;

Environmental determinants.
Socio-economic determinants.
Equality and social justice.
Gender
Human Rights

Question Fifteen

The Arms of Health Education include:

To help healthy people to understand that health is the most valuable community assets.
To develop scientific knowledge, attitudes and skills on health matters to enable people to develop corrective habits.
To educate people for proper use of health services.
To help people to achieve health by their own actions and efforts.
To create an interest in individuals in their own health and wellbeing; and also that of their families and community.

Question Sixteen

Recommended temperative and duration of vaccine storage in various health care facilities include:

Measles

– 13oC to 25oC

Pentavalent

– 15oC to – 25oC

Oral Polio

– 15oC to -25oC

BCG

+2oC to + 8oC

Tetanus toxiod +2oC +8oC

Question Seventeen

The opportunity to immunize eligible children is missed when;

The health facility does not offer immunization services.
The health workers do not routinely screen children and women for the immunization status and do not offer the recommended vaccines.
The health workers do not give all the vaccines for which the children and women are eligible at the time of the visit.
When the mother does not bring the child for immunization.
When there is no health facility around.

Question Eighteen

Individual factors that modify the effect of environment factors include;

Genetics
Sex
Age
Personality
Nutrition

Question Nineteen

The major forms of pollution;

Air pollution.
Light pollution.
Noise pollution.
Soil contamination.
Radioactive contamination.

Question Twenty

Some of the water borne diseases include;

Dysentry.
Influenza.
Hepatitis A.
Cholesa.
Scavies.

Question Twenty One

Water consumption per capacity a day is determined by several factors;

Availability.
Quality.
Cost.
Cultural habits.
Climates.

Question Twenty Two

Sources of water include;

Rain water.
Ground water.
Surface water.
Desalianation.
Lakes.

Question Twenty Three

Functions of a community include;

To determine the use of space for living and other purposes.
To transmit information, ideas and befliefs.
To provide opportunities for interactions between the individuals and groups.
To make available the means for production and distribution of necessary goods and services.
To promote and conserve the health, life, resources and property of individuals.

Question Twenty Four

Food security means;

Access by all people at all times to enough food for an active healthy life.
When all people at all times have both physical and economic access to sufficient food to meet their dietary needs for a productive and healthy life.
Food security exists when all people at all times have physical and economic access to enough safe and nutrition food.
Food is available
People are able to utilize food.

Question Twenty Five

Constraints to food utilization include;

Nutrient losses associated with food preparation.
Inadequate knowledge and practice of health techniques, including those related to nutrition, child care and sanitation.
Cultural practices that limit consumption of a nutritionally adequate diet by certain group of family members.
Ill health.
Poverty.

Question Twenty Six

Characteristics of primary health care include;

Accessability.
Socially.
Affordable.
Community participation.
Equity.

Question Twenty Seven

The process of immunity diagnosis is made up of the following steps;

Exploration.
Planning of survey.
Developing and pretesting survey tool.
Data collection.
Analysis and dissemination.

Question Twenty Eight

Community Based Healthcare approach commonly used in planning and implementation of Primary Health Care programmes include;

Community analysis.
Community participatin.
Particpatory leadership.
Casualty analysis.
Role/pattern analysis.

Question Twenty Nine

Ethical considerations in community diagnosis;

Obtaining permission to enter into the community boundaries.
Training interviewers.
Selecting good interviewers.
Ensuring confidentiality of the collected data.
Establishing rapport before exploring sensitive areas.

Question Thirty

Several factors led to the evolution of the "health for all" goal especially in the developing countries. They include;

Inaccessibility of an equality of essential healthcare and life saving measures to the majority of people.
Gross inequality in healthcare system and distribution of health facilities.
Unresolved emerging healthcare problems.
Failure of existing healthcare system to cope with primary healthcare problems.
Difference in social class.

SECTION B

Question One

Primary prevention of a disease may involve;

Antibiotics therapy.
Long term therapy to a patient with leprosy.
Health education to persuade people with early signs of tuberculosis to come for examination.
Observing personal and food hygiene.
All of the above.

Question Two

The measure Birth in a year x 1000

Total mid year population of women aged 15-49 years

Is called;

Child-woman ratio.
Total fertility rate
Crude birth rate.
Annual birth rate.
Generla fertility rate.

Question Three

For a chronic disease;

The prevalence of the disease in the population will increase relative to the incidence.
The prevalence will decrease relative to incidence.
The prevalence remains constant.
Prevalence and incidence are equal.
None of the above

Question Four

Screening for a disease;

Is a method of secondary prevention.
It deals with need rather than demand for health services.
It prevents the onset of the disease.
Is most effective for diseases which are treatable.
Is good for acute diseases.

Question Five

The predictive value of a screening test is affected by changes in;

Sensitivity of the screening test.
Specificity of the screening test.
The prevalence of the disease.
All of the above.
None of the above.

Question Six

A good screening test should have the following characteristic except;

Is valid.
Is simple.
It gives quick results.
It is cheap.
It is acceptable.

Question Seven

The following are true about epidemics;

A disease that has low rate of occurrence but is consistently present in the community.
Disease with attack rate in excess of 10 per 1000 population.
Annual case rate of 1000 per 100,000 population.
Has continous transmission throughout the year.
None of the above.

Question Eight

In experimental studies;

The study and control groups are always equal in size.
The study is retrospective.
The study and control groups are always comparable in all factors.
The investigator determines who shall be exposed to the factor and who will not.
All the above.

Question Nine

Measures of mortality include;

Incidence density.
Attack rate.
Crude death rate.
Five year survival rate.
Case fatality rate.

Question Ten

Methods of data collection in surveillance includes;

Enumeration of events.
Physical examinations.
Household surveys.
Census.
All the above.

Question Eleven

Concerning a communicable disease;

Reservoir is always a living thing.
Escape level of the agent provides the most effective level to target preventive interventions.
Virulence of the agent does not influence the outcome of agent-host interaction.
Indirect transmission can be through intermediate host.
All the above.

Question Twelve

Concerning population growth curves; the following are true;

In stage III, birth and death rates are low.
In stage II, fertility rate is still high.
Stage II is also called incipient decline stage.
IN stage I and III, there is an equilibrium.
All of the above.

Question Thirteen

Comprehensive disaster preparedness strategy includes;

Public rehearsals.
Hazards assessment.
Resource mobilization.
Information management.
Community involvement.

Question Fourteen

In descriptive studies;

Cause-effect relationship can be determined.
Statistical test cannot be applied.
The costs are usually high.
Are most suitable for acute diseases.
All the above.

Question Fifteen

The following are host-specific disease risk factors.

Pollution.
Physiological state.
Human behavior.
Overcrowding.
Virulence.

Question Sixteen

Sampling in studies;

Reduces cost.
Leads to erroneous results.
May miss very rare events
Is usually random and never non random.
All of the above.

Question Seventeen

Cohort studies;

Can pick wide variety of causative factors.
Assess multiple outcomes.
Are best for studying rare diseases.
Takes relatively short time.
All of the above.

Question Eighteen

Disaster preparedness may involve the following;

Formation and training of rapid response teams.
Building of extra dispensaries and health centres.
Frequent public rehearsals.
Building roads and bridges.
All of the above.

Question Nineteen

The term morbidity may mean the following;

Illness.
Disease.
Being sick.
All of the above.
None of the above.

Question Twenty

A disease whose transmission in an area is sustained throughout the year may be described as;

Epidemic disease.
Pandemic disease.
Endemic disease.
Holoendemic disease.
Prevalent disease.

Question Twenty One

If all Kenyan couples decided to limit fertility to a two-child family, the Kenyan population would;

Continue to grow for at least 60-70 years then stop.
Stop growing immediately.
Start declining.
Continue to grow indefinitely.
Become static.

Question Twenty Two

The age structure of the population is determined by;

Prevalence of contraceptive use.
Crude birth rate.
Crude death rate.
Sex ratio at birth.
All of the above.

Question Twenty Three

The term fertility may signify;

Crude birth rate.
Reproductive potential of both males and females.
Production of live births.
The production potential of females only.
All of the above.

Question Twenty Four

Matching is undertaken in case-control studies so that;

The influence of variables matched may be studied.
Confounding factors are taken care of.
Cost of the study is minimized.
Hypothesis can be tested.
All of the above.

Question Twenty Five

Determinants of family size include;

Age at first marriage.
Voluntary infecudity.
Coital frequence.
Pronatalist policies.
Ant natalist policies

Question Twenty Six

Probability sampling techniques includes;

Convenience sampling.
Simple random sampling
Equity sampling.
Cluster sampling.
Stratified sampling

Question Twenty Seven

Measures of the risk of acquiring disease include;

Prevalence rate
Incidence rate.
Absolute risk.
Attributable risk.
All of the above.

Question Twenty Eight

The following are instruments of date elicitation in research;

Questionnaires
Recording schedule.
Mystery clients.
Checklist.
None of the above.

Question Twenty Nine

The following are considered in sample size determination;

Subjects availability.
Cost involved.
Study time.
The event of study.
The nature of expected results.

Question Thirty

Biases in studies;

Include confounding.
May be selection biases.
Affect factor-outcome relationship.
May be reduced through matching.
All of the above

Dicm 333:Community Health Paper Ii Question Paper

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